I stumbled across something while perusing the ‘net. Here was the chain:
- Pat Buchanan was on Colbert talking about his new book and he makes the provocative claim that all the West had to do to defuse WWII was give Danzig to Hitler, or something like that. Buchanan is always talking out his fourth point of contact, if you know what I mean.
- Danzig? Gdansk? What’s the history. Wikipedia came to my rescue and I started looking up information about Prussia. Some of the Germanic territories on the East that were lost to Poland made interesting reading. Silesia was very Lutheran, having converted from Catholicism. The centers of Lutheranism were Brandenburg and Saxony. It is interesting that the Protestant part of Germany ended up in East Germany.
- The Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, otherwise known as Stasi, was the most successful of the intelligence agencies of the Warsaw Pact countries. It is thought that about one in eight adult East Germans was an informer at some level. It was also very successful in collecting information in other countries. They had a lot of people in West Germany and developed strong resources in the Scandanavian countries.
- When the government in East Germany fell, the intelligence organizations tried to destroy their files. They were partially successful. Many documents were shredded, but there are programs underway to use computers and imaging software to reassemble the shredded documents.
Many files related to activities in Finland and Sweden. Finland had long been a sore in the side of Russia. Russia went to war with Finland in 1941 and lost. During the Cold War, Russia sought greater control over internal events in Finland. They funded a variety of programs aimed at either destabilizing the goverment or at least providing the handles by which to propel the Finnish government. None of that worked in Finland. While Russia was not able to bring Finland into their explicit sphere of influence, they had a lot of control.
So intimate was the relationship between the Finnish establishment and Moscow that, under Urho Kekkonen, president of Finland from 1956 to 1982, the Soviet Politburo had a de facto veto over membership of the cabinet in Helsinki. Those regarded as anti-Soviet found their careers blighted.
The files of Stasi that related to Finland were made classified in Finland. The files are available in Germany, but classified in Finland. This issue has caused a certain amount of unrest; how much is hard to say because it hasn’t been in the press in the States. For example, there has been no mention of this in the New York Times.
But here is a English language publication with news about Sweden:
A Swedish politician has called for security service Säpo to publish the names of Swedes who collaborated with the Stasi, East Germany’s feared secret police.
Arguing the need for more public debate, Moderate Party member of parliament Hans Wallmark has tabled a parliamentary motion imploring Säpo to open up its archives.
“We know that there were Swedes who ran around gossiping to the East Germans. It is important that Sweden has a debate about this in order to achieve reconciliation,” Wallmark told The Local.
“The situation is comparable to discussions after the Second World War about people who helped the Nazis,” he added.
According to Wallmark, opening the files would benefit both former Stasi spies and their victims.
“Perhaps somewhat paradoxically, it is important to open the archive out of consideration for the people who worked for the Stasi. They will then have a chance to explain themselves before they are written about in the history books in 50 years time,” said Wallmark.
Säpo has so far been reluctant to divulge information about the handful of Swedes it knows spied for the Stasi. In August, spokesman Jakob Larsson told The Local that Säpo would not release the names “partly on national security grounds, partly in the interests of our organization and partly out of consideration to the individuals.”
Hans Wallmark accepted that the expiry date for prosecution had long since elapsed. But he also argued that Sweden had a moral imperative to confront its recent past.
Telling the truth is always good for those who have been lied to, and bad for those who did the lying. I’m sure there are people who want to know if they were spied on by East Germany. And the people who did the spying probably want to remain hidden.
But why was East Germany so good at it? Was it because Western countries wanted to trade with them? Sweden recognized the East German, or DDR, government in 1972. That opened up trade and travel between the countries. Businessmen, traveling in East Germany, would surely be open to talking about people back home in exchange for business. And when the amount of information is so small, it seems inconsequential. The scope of the operation was such that the assembling of each small tile of information led to a very large mosaic about Western strategic and tactical systems and abilities.
Genghis Khan used the same system against the West. He detained and hosted merchants from Western cities and ran an active intelligence operation against the countries and cities he was about to attack. He had accurate maps and force dispositions at his disposal. The great Mongol general, Subotai, used this information to sweep to the gates of Europe 1241. Only the death of Genghis Khan and Subotai’s obedience to Mongol custom that he return for the funeral saved Europe.
This will be interesting to watch in the near future as Finland and Sweden work through this artifact of the Cold War.